Hot temperatures, natural disasters, agriculture, urbanization, etc.
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Because human DNA is so very long (with up to 80 million base pairs in a chromosome) it unzips at multiple places along its length so that the replication process is going on simultaneously and more accurately.
Xylem transports and stores water and water-soluble nutrients.
Phloem transports sugars, proteins, and other organic molecules.
The endosymbiotic theory states that eukaryotic cells might have evolved from prokaryotic cells through a close realtionship.