Answer:
Hard engineering strategies - advantages and disadvantages
Erosion is a natural process which shapes cliffs. Over time, erosion can cause cliff collapse - therefore the coastline needs to be managed. Hard engineering involves building artificial structures which try to control natural processes. Each engineering strategy has its advantages and disadvantages.
Sea walls
Image of a sea wall in Essex
A sea wall
Concrete walls that are placed at the foot of a cliff to prevent erosion. They are curved to reflect the energy back into the sea.
Advantages
Effective at protecting the base of the cliff.
Sea walls usually have promenades so people can walk along them.
Disadvantages
Waves are still powerful and can break down and erode the sea wall.
Expensive - approximately £2,000 per metre.
