Answer:
Explanation:
Effect of crowding out:
The crowding out phenomena describes the economic phenomena in which an increase in government public spending leads to reduced or perhaps may eliminate of private investment.
Multiplier:
The multiplier represents the ratio of income to investment change.
Given that:
$13 billion increase in government spending will lead to a $52 billion
The rise in demand for goods & service will be the value of multiplier which is
= 52/13
= 4
To determine the multiplier using the formula:
Multiplier = 1 /( 1- MPC)
4 = 1/(1 - MPC)
4 (1 - MPC) = 1
(1- MPC) = 1/4
-MPC = 0.25 - 1
MPC = 0.75
Marginal propensity to consume = 0.75
Answer:
Annual contributions to the retirement fund will be $6,347.31
Explanation:
First find the Present Value of the Annuity giving payments of $32,000 annually for 25 years at the rate of 10%.
Using a Financial Calculator enter the following data
PMT = $32,000
P/y = 1
N = 25
R = 10%
FV = 0
Thus, the Present Value, PV is $290,465.28
At the time of retirement (in 20 years time) the Value of the annuity fund is $290,465.28.
Next we need to find the Payments PMT to reach this amount in 20 years time at the interest rate of 8%
Using a Financial Calculator enter the following data
FV = $290,465.28
N = 20
R = 8 %
PV = $0
Thus, the Payments, PMT required will be $6,347.3080
Conclusion :
Annual contributions to the retirement fund will be $6,347.31
Answer and Explanation:
The computation is shown below:
TC = 25 + q^2
Now
Marginal cost is
= dtc ÷ dQ
= 2q
Average variable cost (AVC) = q
We Assuming perfect competition so there is a free entry so no profits
Therefore
ATC = P
ATC = TC ÷ q
= q + 25 ÷ q
Now
MC = MR = P = ATC
2q = q + 25 ÷ q
q = 25 ÷ q
q^2 = 25
So, Quantity per firm = q = 5
Now
P = MC = MR = ATC
= q + 25 ÷ q
= 5 + 25 ÷ 5
= 5 + 5
= 10
hence, equilibrium price is 10
Now
Q = 35 - P
= 35 – 10
= 25
Hence, Market quantity (Q) = 25
And, the number of firms i.e n
N = Q ÷ q
= 25 ÷ 5
= 5
Answer:
Price Risk, Reinvestment Risk, Investment Horizon and Longer maturity Bond.
Explanation:
- Price risk is the risk of a decline in a bond's value due to an increase in interest rates. This risk is higher on bonds that have long maturities than on bonds that will mature in the near future.
- Reinvestment risk is the risk that a decline in interest rates will lead to a decline in income from a bond portfolio. This risk is obviously high on callable bonds. It is also high on short-term bonds because the shorter the bond's maturity, the fewer the years before the relatively high old-coupon bonds will be replaced with new low-coupon issues.
- Which type of risk is more relevant to an investor depends on the investor's investment horizon, which is the period of time an investor plans to hold a particular investment.
- Longer maturity bonds have high price risk but low reinvestment risk, while higher coupon bonds have a higher level of reinvestment risk and a lower level of price risk.
