Answer and Explanation:
A gene is a section of DNA. The change in the sequence of the DNA is known as mutation. Mutation always changes the sequence of the DNA. Sunlight can cause mutation. Sunlight produces structures named thymine dimers. Thymine dimers produce twist in the shape of DNA. These twists make DNA hard to copy, which can lead to mutation. It is essential to use sunscreen to block UVA and UVB rays to prevent thymine dimers from emerging in our cells. The US Food and Drug Agency recommends an SPF (sun protection factor) to defend against skin aging and skin cancer. X-ray radiation is a form used in x-rays. The energy level of the X-ray radiation is very high that can produce free radicals. Free radicals can steal electrons from DNA that can cause mutation. By using medical images, we can decrease exposure to X-rays. Less exposure to X-rays prevents mutation and also prevents the production of gene protein in other body parts.
Answer:
large central vacuole
cell wall
Explanation:
Let me clear some things up for you. There are two types of cells - Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes. The principle difference between these types of cells are the structure of their genome. In case of prokaryotes, the genomic matter do not have a defined structure, it just kind of floats around in the protoplasm. But in the eukaryotes, the genome is more structured, have all kinds of proteins associated with them, and is surrounded by a two layered sack called the nuclear membrane. Both plant and animal cells have these feature of structured nucleus, therefore, they are both eukaryotes.
Now for the difference between plant and animal cells. the features you mentioned are unique about plant cells, but do not rule them out from being eukaryotes, as the 'true' structure of the nucleus is still there. Cell walls are necessary for the plant cells because plants do not posses an endoskeleton like most of the animals do. The cell wall makes the whole plant rigid so they don't fall apart or appear like a blob. Chloroplast is where photosynthesis happens, so it should most definitely be in a plant cell. Animals don't do photosynthesis so they don't have chloroplasts. Vacuoles are also present in animal cells, but they are much smaller, greater in number, and are known as lysosomes. Functionally they are virtually the same.
Answer:
Autotroph
Explanation:
The definition of an autotroph is an organism that is able to form nutritional organic substances from simple inorganic substances such as carbon dioxide.
The aerobic system of energy production uses glycogen, but primarily glucose as its energy source.
Glucose is taken in by the cell and broken into pyruvate in the process of glycolysis, the first step in aerobic cell respiration. It takes place in the cell cytoplasm.
Pyruvate is then used in the Krebs cycle in the cell mitochondria in the second step of respiration which produces high energy electron carriers. These high energy electron carries such as NADP are then employed in the electron transport chain, the last step of the respiration process, where a large number of ATP molecules is produced.
By the time the process of aerobic respiration ends, 36 to 38 molecules of ATP are produced from one single molecule of glucose.
