Answer:
Only the extracts from heat-killed cells treated with RNase are unable to transform nonvirulent bacteria into virulent bacteria.
Explanation:
The experiment by Avery, McCarty and MacLeod aimed to identify Griffith's "transforming principle," which is a principle that explains how transformation is a way of recombining, exchanging, or transferring genetic information between organisms or from one organism to another. For this, they used cell that were heat inactivated and purified the transforming principle of these cells.
The purified cells did not give positive results in the tests done by the scientists, but they presented transformants very similar to the DNA. However, Avery suspected that the result should be reinterpreted and that the molecule was not a DNA. This is because RNA degrading enzymes had no effect on the transforming principle and only RNase-treated heat-killed cell extracts are unable to transform non-virulent bacteria into virulent bacteria.
Answer:
Balcetis explains that when people are in shape, they are more likely to view an exercise as achievable. More important than fitness, however, was individuals’ motivation to exercise. Those who were motivated to exercise saw a finish line as closer, than those who were unmotivated.
In a second study, Balcetis experimented with how changing one’s perspective on an exercise, can help to make it seem more doable. Balcetis presented a finish line at the end of a moderate sized path. Her control group looked around their settings as they normally would, and then estimated how far away the finish line was. The experimental group was instructed to look directly at the finish line and to try to eliminate other objects in their point of view. The results: the group that kept their eyes on the prize estimated the finish line to be thirty percent closer than those in the control group.
Last, Balcetis examined how perspective can help directly improve ease and efficiency. She had subjects try a moderately difficult exercise of walking a fair distance with weights. Again, one group kept their eyes on the finish line, while the other group proceeded normally. Those who focused on the finish line, felt that the exercise was fifteen percent easier than those in the control group. The focused group also moved twenty-three percent faster.
So what do all these findings mean? The way we look at exercise can make a big difference in how hard it feels and how hard we work at it. As Balcetis says, “keeping your eyes on the prize, may be an additional strategy you can use to promote a healthy lifestyle.” Well any strategy that makes exercise seem easier and gets me working harder, is one I’m definitely down for.
Explanation:
