B.............................................................................................................
The answer to the first question is (C). The lithosphere includes the crust and the cooler upper part of the upper mantle. It averages about 50 miles in thickness, give or take ten miles.
The answer to the second question is (D), the innder core is solid because of immense pressure.
They are offered to students based on their GPAs; one way of measuring merit in schools. Merit-based scholarships help school children out of worse economic environments where money is not abundant to gain a opportunity to get into a good college based on their good grades.