Mass murder by killing squads
When making decisions, the Supreme Courts often tries to rely on precedents from previous Supreme Court decisions, since they often to not want to "ruffle the feathers" of established law in the US.
The plantations and farms of Virginia and the Southern colonies were the foundation of the economy of the New World. The colonies grew crops for export. As plantations grew the settlers needed more labor to work them. This was supplied by slaves from Africa.
Answer:
The Chinese were humiliated by having to pay reparations and allow concessions to the Western powers that effectively denied them control over their own country.
Explanation: