It means c) rare
scarce means rare and copious is its synonym
vacant and occupied are antonyms of scarce meaning plentiful
hence, the double colon separating the pairs of words
The answer would be the first option
B. The Enlightenment writers valued reason and logical thinking over faith. Most of the Enlightenment writers, such as Rousseau or Montesquieu, used logical thinking to prove their points or hypothesis. They didn't invoke God's reasons or authority to do so. Not because they were atheists, but because they believed that reasoning was what gonna take humanity into a better future, they believed that reasoning enlightenments, while the sole belief in God what was stopped humanity from developing a better society. That's why the Enlightenment period is called that way and the Middle Ages are sometimes referred as Dark Ages, because Europe has felt from a scientifically and technologically rich period into a period where people was set aback to survive by their own meanings. A lot of the classical knowledge and technology that made life easier was lost after the fall of the Roman Empire, and it wasn't until Renaissance that it was recovered.
