The sulphate solutions came from a recycling LIBs waste cathode materials, which were done by previous research; their content is shown in Table 1 [18]. Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) was purchased from Nihon Shiyaku Reagent, Tokyo, Japan (NaCO3, 99.8%), for the chemical precipitation. CO2 was purchased from Air Product and Chemical, Taipei, Taiwan (CO2 ≥ 99%), to carry out the hydrogenation–decomposition method. Dowex G26 was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) and was used as a strong acidic cation exchange resin, to remove impurities. Multi-elements ICP standard solutions were acquired from AccuStandard, New Haven, Connecticut State, USA. The nitric acid (HNO3) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) (HNO3 ≥ 65%) (H2SO4 ≥ 98%) The materials were analyzed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS; XFlash6110, Bruker, Billerica, MA, USA), X-ray diffraction (XRD; DX-2700, Dangdong City, Liaoning, China), scanning electron microscopy (SEM; S-3000N, Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan), and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES; Varian, Vista-MPX, PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA, USA). In order to
Appl. Sci. 2018, 8, 2252 3 of 10 control the hydrogenation temperature and heating rate, a thermostatic bath (XMtd-204;
Some of its limitations are to see how it affects the planes and to observe the damage the birds have taken. Also to see how it affects the planes how much damage was done to the chicken. It is helpful because it makes it so fewer birds are hitting or damaging airplanes every year.
Explanation:
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Quantum theory is the theoretical basis of modern physics that explains the nature and behavior of matter and energy on the atomic and subatomic level. The nature and behavior of matter and energy at that level is sometimes referred to as quantum physics and quantum mechanics.