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Answer:
The 1st plant with a storage reservoir is a better option as compared to that of the 2nd plant.
Explanation:
Suppose the factor for variation in hourly demand is 2 So the average hourly demand is given as
Average Hourly Demand=Factor x Average Daily Demand
AHD=2 x 18000 m3
AHD=36000 m3
For the first pump
The Quantity in storage tank is 3975 m3
So the amount of pumping required is
For this value the pump will work for following hours
So the pump 1 can complete the demand of the town by working for 18.3 hours.
Now in order to complete the demand, the second pump is given as
For this the pump will work for as
So the pump 2 requires 16 hours to complete the demand of the town.
Here it is important to note that the realistic demand of the water can vary from the average value and thus when there is a drastic requirement of water in certain cases, the pump 2 will fail. Also pump 2 has to be run continuously and will produce excessive water which will be wasted if the hourly demand is less than that of the production value.
In context of this, the 1st plant with a storage reservoir is a better option as compared to that of the 2nd plant.
Answer:
Ans,
a) If interest rates suddenly rise by 3 percent, Bill´s bond would drop by -20.02% and Ted´s bond would go down by -36.07%
.
b) If rates were to suddenly fall by 3 percent, Bill´s bond would rise by 26.79%
and Ted´s bond would rise too by 86.47%
.
Explanation:
Hi, first let´s go ahead and establish the stable scenario, for that we are going to use the information of the problem but we need to add the discount rate of the bond or yield, which is the missing information. All this so this concept can be explained in a better way, so for this example we´ll say that the yield of both bonds is 10% compounded semi-annually, the same units as the coupon. Now we have to use the following formula.
Where:
Coupon = (%Coupon/2)*FaceValue= (0.104/2)*1,000=52
Yield = we are going to assume 10% annual, that is 5% semi-annual
n = Payment periods (For Bill n=5*2=10, for Ted, n=22*2=44)
So, let´s see what is the price of each bond if the yield was 10% annual compounded semi-annually.
In Ted´s case, that is:
Now, if the interest rate (Yield) suddenly goes up by 3%, this is what happens to Bill´s Bond
If yield goes down by 3%, this is the new price of Bill´s bond.
Price(Bill)=\frac{52((1+0.02)^{10}-1) }{0.02(1+0.02)^{10} } +\frac{1,000}{(1+0.02)^{10} } = 1,287.44
Now, in the case of Ted, this is what happens to the price if the yield goes up.
If it goes down by 3%, this would be the price for Ted´s bond.
Now, in percentage, what we need to use is the following formula.
For example, in the case of Bill´s bond, which yield went up by 3%, this is what we should do.
So, the price variation is -20.02% if the yield rises by 3%.
This are the results of the prices and calculations for you to answer this question. Best of luck.
Bill Ted % (Bill) %(Ted)
Base Price $1,015.44 $1,035.33
(+) 3% Yield $812.12 $661.84 -20.02% -36.07%
(-) 3% Yield $1,287.44 $1,930.56 26.79% 86.47%