It harshly punished Germany, which they wanted for the destruction they caused to their homeland during the war. The U.S.A wanted it to be less severe so they could rebuild and pay debts. Italy was irrelevant. Russia wanted more for them in the treaty since they suffered the most losses.
It would be "rope" that led to the closing of the open range, as farmers started to close off their land to other people and cattle. Barbed wire was not generally used.
