Because the Earth rotates on its axis, circulating air is deflected toward the right in the Northern Hemisphere and toward the left in the Southern Hemisphere. This deflection is called the Coriolis effect. Click the image for a larger view. Coastal currents are affected by local winds.
Upwelling is the process that brings deeper water to the surface, and its major significance is that it brings nutrient -rich deep water to the nutrient-deprived surface, stimulating primary production
