Either communist oppression or Germany's strength. I'm not sure.
Answer: the county of Edessa (1097–1150); the principality of Antioch (1098–1287) this is for number 2
1. When Pope Urban had said these and very many similar things in his urbane discourse, he so influenced to one purpose the desires of all who were present that they cried out, ‘It is the will of God! It is the will of God!’’’
So wrote the monk Robert of Rheims in his Historia Hierosolymitana (‘History of Jerusalem’) during the early 1100s. Some years earlier, on 27 November 1095, Urban II preached a public sermon outside the town of Clermont in central France, summoning Christians to take part in the First Crusade, a new form of holy war. It was a carefully stage-managed event, in which the pope’s representative, the papal legate Adhémar of Le Puy, supposedly moved by the pope’s eloquence, tore up strips of cloth to make crosses for the crowds. Urban had been travelling through France accompanied by a large entourage from Italy, dedicating cathedrals and churches and presiding over reforming councils, and his proposed crusade was part of a wider programme of church reform. In March that year, at the Council of Piacenza, a desperate Byzantine emperor, Alexius I Comnenus, had pleaded for western help against the Seljuk Turks, whose conquests were decimating Byzantium and preventing Christians from reaching pilgrimage sites. Urban wanted to extend the hand of friendship to the Orthodox church and to heal the schism with Catholicism, which had gone from bad to worse since the time of his predecessor Leo IX.
We have a number of accounts of Urban’s speech, contemporary and later, although they differ somewhat in what they record. Yet we know that he called on knights to vow to fight in a penitential pilgrimage on Christ’s behalf, in a war to defend the Holy Land from Muslim oppressors, and that he used the Christian symbol of the cross as an emotive sign of commitment to the enterprise. Urban promised the crowds that crusading would not just benefit the church and European Christian society but their own souls, since all sins, past and present, would be wiped away through his dramatic promise of the ‘remission of sins’.
Explanation:
Answer:
In the First Barbary War, which was started by the United States refusal to pay immunity fees to the North African Barber states, it saw the succesful use of the United States Marines. After the marines stormed the city of Derna, thus giving the US leverage over the Tripolian government, thus seeing the release of all American sailors, and goods, along with the end of the First Barbary War.
One problem is by trading by sea, ships are bring invaise sea creatures to other countries and can harm the wild life for other marine ecosystems and for tons of people.
<span>The most immediate result of Gutenberg's invention of the printing press was a vast increase in the number of books produced and distributed. This was an information revolution which had vast consequences, but its impact on science and religion were among the most profound and immediate. With regard to science, the movable type allowed systematic scientific knowledge could be more widely and cheaply distritubed, laying to groundwork for increasingly rapid advances. In religion, the innovation spurred the development of literacy among lay people who could now have personal access to the bible and other religious publications, a development which was one of the factors in the develpment of Protestantism.</span>
