Answer:
Promoter is located upstream and terminator is located downstream relative to the transcription start site.
Explanation:
Transcription start site is the site from where the transcription starts which is denoted by +1. The sequence of nucleotides which is present backword to them called upstream sequence and nucleotide sequence which is present in the forward direction of transcription start site are called downstream sequence.
Promoter sequences are present upstream to the transcription start site and are denoted with a minus sign and terminator sequence is present downstream to the transcription start site.
c. Glucose and ATP are produced in glycolysis and used in fermentation.
Glycolysis is the process of breaking down glucose to produce energy. It generates two pyruvate molecules, ATP, NADH, and water. The process occurs in a cell's cytoplasm and does not require oxygen. It can be found in aerobic and anaerobic organisms.
Glycolysis is a cytoplasmic pathway that converts glucose into two three-carbon compounds while producing energy. Phosphorylation traps glucose with the help of the enzyme hexokinase.
Fermentation is a metabolic process that involves the action of enzymes to produce chemical changes in organic substrates. It is narrowly defined in biochemistry as the extraction of energy from carbohydrates in the absence of oxygen. Fermentation is an ancient method of food preservation. The method is still used today to make wine, cheese, sauerkraut, yogurt, and kombucha.
To learn more about glycolysis and fermentation, here
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The Atlas. This is the topmost vertebra, and with the axis, it forms a joint that connects the skull to the spine. These two parts of the body (The Atlas and The Axis) are special, and different from normal vertebra, because they are made to allow a greater range of motion and movement in the head. I hope this helps! Also, google is always a helpful tool to use as well. :)
So they respond by releasing hormones that stimulate the body to retain sodium and water. Blood vessels fill with additional fluid, and blood pressure goes up. The narrowing in one or both renal arteries is most often caused by atherosclerosis, or hardening of the arteries.
