Answer:
Modern amphibians are characterized by the flexibility of their gaseous exchange mechanisms. Amphibian skin is moistened by mucous secretions and is well supplied with blood vessels. It is used for respiration to varying degrees. When lungs are present, carbon dioxide may pass out of the body across the skin, but in some salamanders there are no lungs and all respiratory exchanges occur via the skin. Even in such animals as frogs, it seems that oxygen can be taken up at times by the skin, under water for example. Therefore, regulation of respiration occurs within a single species, and the relative contribution of skin and lungs varies during the life of the animal.
Explanation:
I would say New genetic combinations occur in body cells that can be passed on to offspring because there won’t be new genetic combinations from body cells that are fully developed.
Mosunetuzumab is a T-cell reliant bispecific antibody that binds to CD3 and CD20 to trigger T-cell mediated B-cell death.
However, cytokine release syndrome, which has the potential to limit dose and efficacy, can result from powerful immune stimulation with T-cell focused treatments.
We created a novel mechanistic model of immune and antitumor responses to the T-cell bispecifics (mosunetuzumab and blinatumomab), taking into account the dynamics of B- and T-lymphocytes in circulation, lymphoid tissues, and tumors, in order to better understand the mechanisms underlying safety and efficacy as well as to explore safety mitigation strategies.
Using mosunetuzumab nonclinical and blinatumomab clinical data, the model was created and validated. The initial step-fractionated dose was projected to minimize systemic T-cell activation and cytokine release without impairing tumour response.
Simulations described the mechanisms underlying the observed cell and cytokine (IL6) dynamics. The Phase I clinical study for mosunetuzumab was changed to a step-fractionated treatment schedule as a result of these findings, allowing for the safer administration of greater dosages.
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