<em>the function of epidermis is to protect the leaf
make it air tight
prevent water loss as it is waxy
also it is transparent and allows all light to enter...
chloroplast is required for carrying out process of photosynthesis...
as epidermis is not specialized to carry out photosynthesis... so it does not have any chloroplast...</em>
Answer:
a. In the presence of 2,4 dinitrophenol, which is soluble through the lipid membranes, the H+ gets an another route to pass through the membrane. It hampers the proton gradient potential without any generation of ATP. The gradient that was being utilized for the generation of energy is now just lost in the form of heat.
b. With the reduction in the generation of energy, the cells get devoid of ATP, and drive the electron transport chain intensely so that the collapsing proton gradient gets re-established. However, it prevents the ATP synthase by providing a different path to the proton ions and thus diminishing the H+ concentration gradient.
The animal would have black fur, because the black fur is dominant over the white fur.
nebular hypothesis
The most widely accepted theory of planetary formation, known as the nebular hypothesis, maintains that 4.6 billion years ago, the Solar System formed from the gravitational collapse of a giant molecular cloud which was light years across. Several stars, including the Sun, formed within the collapsing cloud.
