Answer:
Muslim forces repeatedly attacked the Christian Byzantine Empire.
In 1453, Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Empire. The city was renamed Istanbul
Explanation:
The crusades were arguably started because of the constant attacks of the Muslim forces on the Byzantine Empire. The Byzantine Empire is the medieval version of the Eastern Roman Empire, and as explained in the question, it was a christian state.
In 1453, after a long siege, the Seljuk Turks conquered Constantinople, which had been the Eastern Roman Empire for over 1,000 years. After the conquest, the Turks changed the name of the city to Istanbul.
One of the main ways in which travel routes today differ from the trade routes of classical era civilizations is that they're far safer, since people have to worry much less about being robbed and/or injured--this is due mostly to government oversight and policing of the routes in question.<span />
I believe it is B. Resolving the issues in court
Answer:
Many Native American tribes fought in the Revolutionary War. The majority of these tribes fought for the British but a few fought for the Americans. Many of these tribes tried to remain neutral in the early phase of the war but when some of them came under attack by American militia, they decided to join the British.
Explanation:
Hoped I helped
The Germanic tribes that took over the Roman Empire territory in the west had a history as tribal and hunting/agricultural societies. Even in times when it was fracturing in many ways, the Roman Empire was built around central organization and governance. The Germanic tribes had been more loyal to their own tribal groups than they were confederated into a unity with one another. Their historical patterns of development also had been more built around hunting and farming. They were not as developed in coordinating government over a massive stretch of territory. The Germans had begun learning things from the Romans during the years when many of them served as mercenaries in Roman armies. And they would learn more about building a far-reaching system of government. They were not ignorant "barbarians" when they took over Roman territory, but they weren't united in a plan to govern the region as a unit the way Rome had.
For comparison, you might think of the difference between the Native American nations that existed in North America when settlers from Europe came and took over their territory. In that case, the situation was reversed. The native tribal nations were used to operating independently as their own tribal nations, and were focused largely on hunting and agriculture. The white settlers were aiming at building a society more similar to how Rome had operated.
