The angle of the earth on the axis combined with the constant rotation of the earth and revolution around the sun.
The third one i believe. by region
AB= 2x+20 cm
BC= 8 cm
AC= x+20 cm
AC= AB + BC
x + 20 = 2x + 20 + 8
2x - x = 20 - 20 - 8
x = -8
AB= 4 cm
BC= 8 cm
AC= 12 cm