The lithosphere is largely made up of soil, minerals, and rocks—essentially the earth’s crust. A sister to the lithosphere, the hydrosphere contains the liquid parts of the earth. The cryosphere consists of all frozen water on the earth. Frozen water makes up about 75 percent of the earth’s fresh water. For the atmosphere, the system changes from water to air. The atmosphere is the thin layer of gasses surrounding the planet. The biosphere includes all living organisms, from the bottoms of the oceans to the upper reaches of the atmosphere.
