The primary driving force that stabilizes lipid bilayers is the formation of hydrophobic bonds between fatty acid chains in phospholipids and protein.
The cell membrane is made up of phospolipid bilayer with proteins embedded in between
Lipid bilayer is the structure present in the biological membrane. It consist of two layers of lipids with hydrophilic end facing each other and hydrophobic end facing the outer side.
the inner layer has both the hydrophobic end of the lipid molecules facing each other and bonded by hydrophobic bond van der waals forces.
The outer molecules are bonded with the protein molecules through hydrophilic bonds called hydrogen bonds.
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In sexual reproduction, the genetic material of two individuals is combined to produce genetically diverse offspring that differ from their parents. Fertilization and meiosis alternate in sexual life cycles. What happens between these two events depends upon the organism. The process of meiosis, the division of the contents of the nucleus that divides the chromosomes among gametes, reduces the chromosome number by half, while fertilization, the joining of two haploid gametes, restores the diploid condition. There are three main categories of life cycles in eukaryotic organisms: diploid-dominant, haploid-dominant, and alternation of generations
This might represent evolution of a species or the influence of the environment on the expression of a genotype.
Atoms in molecules share pairs of electrons when they make ionic bonds.
