Which of the following best describe gas particles?
1 answer:
Answer:
a, b, d (see below)
Explanation:
So, looking at the 3 states of matter:
Solid - holds a shape and is made up of particles that vibrate in place (because particles are always moving no matter what)
Liquid - holds shape of its container and has particles with some space in between them that allow them to flow
Gas - holds shape of its container and has particles with huge gaps of space between them that are always, constantly moving and zooming around
Refer to the image below for a better visual understanding.
So, now, looking at the answer choices:
a) moving randomly
Yes. They are—they're speeding around super fast all the time.
Every time heat is added to something, the particles start loosening up and moving.<em> A lot.</em>
So when you add heat to a solid, it starts loosening up and moving around until it becomes flowy enough to be a liquid. Then, if more heat is added, the particles moving faster and loosen up even more until they're a gas.
Imagine doing that one more time, and you'll have plasma. As you may have guessed it, plasma moves <em>super fast</em>
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b) collide into each other
Yes. Because they're moving so fast and uncontrollably all the time, they're bound to have rammed into one another a few or more times.
Imagine bumper cars at a carnival, except the speed of each car is sooo fast that you could be on a highway. You're probably going to hit someone, which is why bumper cars are not that fast in reality. For safety reasons.
c) move slow
No. Since we know that they're always zooming around (refer to my bumper car example above, in bold), they obviously can't be slow.
d) high kinetic energy
Yes. Anything moving (a.k.a. in motion) has kinetic energy. If gases zoom super fast 24/7, they will have high kinetic energy.
Having high kinetic energy means that the something is moving really fast or a lot. In this case, gases are both.
e) moving orderly
No. They're moving everywhere and really fast, so they have no control over how they move because of how fast they are.
(refer to my bumper car example in answer b, in bold)
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This is a question regarding how enzymes increase the rates of reactions. There are choices and the instructions is to check all that apply.
<span>1. They shift the reaction equilibrium towards the products. </span>
<span>2. They increase the concentration of the reactants. </span>
<span>3. They lower the activation energy of the reaction. </span>
<span>4. They decrease the free energy of a reaction. </span>
<span>5. They promote the formation of a transition state.
The correct answers in this question are "they lower the activation energy of the reaction" and "they promote the formation of a transition state". Enzymes do not necessarily shift the the reaction equilibrium to the products, as there are reversible enzymatic reactions that can reverse the pathway back to the substrates. They do not increase the concentration of the reactants as the concentration of the reactants is an independent variable in this process. They do not decrease the free energy of activation as this is a constant in every reaction depending on the substrates and the products.
Enzymes do, however, lower the activation energy of the reaction meaning it will take less energy and effort for the substrates to reach the activation energy to transform it to its transition state then to the products. With this said, enzymes promote the formation of a transition state.
Attached is a simplified image on how enzymes work. </span>
<span>1. They shift the reaction equilibrium towards the products. </span>
<span>2. They increase the concentration of the reactants. </span>
<span>3. They lower the activation energy of the reaction. </span>
<span>4. They decrease the free energy of a reaction. </span>
<span>5. They promote the formation of a transition state.
The correct answers in this question are "they lower the activation energy of the reaction" and "they promote the formation of a transition state". Enzymes do not necessarily shift the the reaction equilibrium to the products, as there are reversible enzymatic reactions that can reverse the pathway back to the substrates. They do not increase the concentration of the reactants as the concentration of the reactants is an independent variable in this process. They do not decrease the free energy of activation as this is a constant in every reaction depending on the substrates and the products.
Enzymes do, however, lower the activation energy of the reaction meaning it will take less energy and effort for the substrates to reach the activation energy to transform it to its transition state then to the products. With this said, enzymes promote the formation of a transition state.
Attached is a simplified image on how enzymes work. </span>