1answer.
Ask question
Login Signup
Ask question
All categories
  • English
  • Mathematics
  • Social Studies
  • Business
  • History
  • Health
  • Geography
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Technology
  • Arts
  • World Languages
  • Spanish
  • French
  • German
  • Advanced Placement (AP)
  • SAT
  • Medicine
  • Law
  • Engineering
inessss [21]
3 years ago
5

Offspring of certain fruit flies may have yellow or ebony bodies and normal wings or short wings. Genetic theory predicts that t

hese traits will appear in the ratio 9:3:3:1 (9 yellow, normal: 3 yellow, short: 3 ebony, normal: 1 ebony, short). A researcher checks 100 randomly selected fruit flies and finds the distribution of the traits to be 59, 20, 11, and 10, respectively. Are the results this researcher observed consistent with the theoretical distribution predicted by the genetic model
Biology
1 answer:
Rashid [163]3 years ago
8 0

Answer:

Yes, the observed results are consistent with the theoretical distribution predicted by the genetic model. The population is in equilibrium.

Explanation:

<u>Available data:</u>

  • Offspring of fruit flies may have yellow or ebony bodies and normal wings or short wings.
  • Expected phenotypic ratio 9:3:3:1
  • 9 yellow, normal: 3 yellow, short: 3 ebony, normal: 1 ebony, short
  • Sample size , N = 100
  • Phenotypic distribution 59:20:11:10

To know if these results are consistent with the expected ones, we need to develop a chi-square analysis. To do it we need the following information

  • Chi square= ∑ ((Obs-Exp)²/Exp)

- ∑ is the sum of the terms

- Obs are the Observed individuals

- Exp are the Expected individuals

  • Freedom degrees = K – 1

- K =genotypes number = 4  

  • Significance level, 5% = 0.05
  • Table value = Critical value  

First, define the hypothesis:

Hypothesis: The allele of this population will assort independently. The population is in equilibrium

H₀= Individuals will be equally distributed.  

H₁ = Individuals will not be equally distributed.  

Second, we need to get the expected number of individuals with each phenotype. To do it, we will use the expected phenotypic ratio and the total number of individuals in the sample. We can just perform a three simple rule, as follows:

  16 ------------------------------------ 100 individuals in the sample ------- 100%

  9 yellow, normal ---------------- X = 56.25 individuals -------------------56.25%

  3 yellow, short ------------------- X = 18.75 individuals --------------------18.75%

  3 ebony, normal -----------------X = 18.75 individuals ---------------------18.75%

  1 ebony, short ---------------------X = 6.25 individuals ----------------------6.25%

Now that we know the expected numbers of individuals with each genotype, we can compare them with the observed ones.

                  <u>yellow, normal      yellow, short     ebony, normal    ebony, short</u>

Expected            <em>56.25                    18.75                   18.75                    6.25</em>

Observed  <em>          59                           20                      11                          10</em>

The chi-square value = Σ(Obs-Exp)²/Exp.

So now we need to calculate (Obs-Exp)²/Exp

  • <u>yellow, normal</u>

(Obs-Exp)²/Exp = (59-56.25)²/56.25 = 0.134

  • <u> yellow, short </u>

(Obs-Exp)²/Exp = (20 - 18.75)²/18.75 = 0.083

  • <u>ebony, normal</u>

(Obs-Exp)²/Exp = (11 - 18.75 )²/18.75 = 3.203

  • <u> ebony, short</u>

(Obs-Exp)²/Exp = (10 - 6.25)²/6.25 = 2.25

X² = Σ(Obs-Exp)²/Exp =  0.134 + 0.083 + 3.203 + 2.25 = 5.67

  • X² = 5.67
  • Significance level = 0.05
  • Degrees of freedom = genotypes number - one = 4 - 1 = 3
  • Critical value or table value = 9.348

P₀.₀₅ > X2

9.348 > 5.67

There is not enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis. The genotypes might be in equilibrium, and there might be an independent assortment.

You might be interested in
What are three<br> ways that climate<br> change is affecting<br> ecosystems in the<br> oceans?
lukranit [14]

Answer:

coral beaching

drowning wetlands

fish migration

7 0
2 years ago
Please help!
lozanna [386]

B) The data will help to generate a new consensus.


Please correct me if I'm wrong!! :)

6 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
On Sam’s laptop, and Arun puts his laptop on Odessa’s laptop. The diagram above shows the laptops before they touch each other.
nexus9112 [7]

Answer:

I think it would be A

Explanation:

Sorry if it's wrong :(

7 0
3 years ago
Biological macromolecules are organized into four major categories. What type of macromolecule contains phosphorus as part of a
mojhsa [17]

Answer:

Nucleic Acids

Explanation:

3 0
2 years ago
All matter has:<br><br> cells<br> properties<br> seeds
sergeinik [125]

Answer:

Properties for ALL MATTER

Explanation:

Cells can be found in ANYTHING, cells preform life functions for the organism, although you wont find cells in a rock, you will however, find properties in anything you come across, therefore properties is the right answer

6 0
2 years ago
Other questions:
  • A 4-year-old abused child, after being hospitalized for severe injuries, is placed in temporary foster care. the foster family c
    8·1 answer
  • Farmlands located near coastal regions are being threatened by encroaching seawater seeping into the soil. In terms of water mov
    7·1 answer
  • Lonic compounds form between elements that<br>are metals and elements that are____​
    5·1 answer
  • 36) How do we describe transformation in bacteria? A) the creation of a new strand of DNA from a DNA template molecule B) the cr
    7·1 answer
  • What are 3 characteristics for evaporation
    5·1 answer
  • What can you conclude about an average star's brightness and temperature?
    7·1 answer
  • Hello, I know this is a very weird question, But this is for school and we have to take an essay on it. So please be mature when
    12·1 answer
  • (1) What is the most common way for a dead organism to avoid decomposition?
    7·1 answer
  • Describe the role of white blood cells in fighting diseases and destroying pathogens.
    15·1 answer
  • Which color of star is likely to have the most thermal energy?
    12·2 answers
Add answer
Login
Not registered? Fast signup
Signup
Login Signup
Ask question!