Answer:
a. 0 W b. ε²/R c. at R = r maximum power = ε²/4r d. For R = 2.00 Ω, P = 227.56 W. For R = 4.00 Ω, P = 256 W. For R = 6.00 Ω, P = 245.76 W
Explanation:
Here is the complete question
An external resistor with resistance R is connected to a battery that has emf ε and internal resistance r. Let P be the electrical power output of the source. By conservation of energy, P is equal to the power consumed by R. What is the value of P in the limit that R is (a) very small; (b) very large? (c) Show that the power output of the battery is a maximum when R = r . What is this maximum P in terms of ε and r? (d) A battery has ε= 64.0 V and r=4.00Ω. What is the power output of this battery when it is connected to a resistor R, for R=2.00Ω, R=4.00Ω, and R=6.00Ω? Are your results consistent with the general result that you derived in part (b)?
Solution
The power P consumed by external resistor R is P = I²R since current, I = ε/(R + r), and ε = e.m.f and r = internal resistance
P = ε²R/(R + r)²
a. when R is very small , R = 0 and P = ε²R/(R + r)² = ε² × 0/(0 + r)² = 0/r² = 0
b. When R is large, R >> r and R + r ⇒ R.
So, P = ε²R/(R + r)² = ε²R/R² = ε²/R
c. For maximum output, we differentiate P with respect to R
So dP/dR = d[ε²R/(R + r)²]/dr = -2ε²R/(R + r)³ + ε²/(R + r)². We then equate the expression to zero
dP/dR = 0
-2ε²R/(R + r)³ + ε²/(R + r)² = 0
-2ε²R/(R + r)³ = -ε²/(R + r)²
cancelling out the common variables
2R = R + r
2R - R = R = r
So for maximum power, R = r
So when R = r, P = ε²R/(R + r)² = ε²r/(r + r)² = ε²r/(2r)² = ε²/4r
d. ε = 64.0 V, r = 4.00 Ω
when R = 2.00 Ω, P = ε²R/(R + r)² = 64² × 2/(2 + 4)² = 227.56 W
when R = 4.00 Ω, P = ε²R/(R + r)² = 64² × 4/(4 + 4)² = 256 W
when R = 6.00 Ω, P = ε²R/(R + r)² = 64² × 6/(6 + 4)² = 245.76 W
The results are consistent with the results in part b
