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lilavasa [31]
2 years ago
15

Both asexual and sexual reproduction have advantages for species? Which of the following is an advantage of sexual reproduction?

Biology
1 answer:
Mrac [35]2 years ago
3 0

Answer:

It results in genetic variation in the species

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4) A homozygous groucho fly ( gro, bristles clumped above the eyes) is crossed with a homozygous rough fly (ro, eye abnormality)
docker41 [41]

Answer and Explanation:

  • A homozygous groucho fly ( gro, bristles clumped above the eyes) is crossed with a homozygous rough fly (ro, eye abnormality).
  • The F1 females are testcrossed, producing these offspring: groucho 518 rough 471 groucho, rough 6 wild-type 5 1000 a) What is the linkage distance between the two genes? B) Plot the genes on a map c) If the genes were unlinked and the F1 females were mated with the F1 males, what would be the offspring in the F2 generation?

1st cross:

Parental) grogro ro+ro+ x  gro+gro+ roro

F1) gro+gro ro+ro

2nd cross:

Parental)  gro+gro ro+ro   x  grogro roro

Gametes) gro+ro+                       gro ro

                gro+ro                         gro ro

                gro ro+                        gro ro

                gro ro                          gro ro

Punnet square)  

                   gro+ro+             gro+ro              gro ro+            gro ro  

gro ro    gro+gro ro+ro   gro+gro roro    grogro ro+ro    grogro roro

gro ro    gro+gro ro+ro   gro+gro roro    grogro ro+ro    grogro roro

gro ro    gro+gro ro+ro   gro+gro roro    grogro ro+ro    grogro roro

gro ro    gro+gro ro+ro   gro+gro roro    grogro ro+ro    grogro roro

F2)

0.518 grogro ro+ro (518 individuals)

0.471 gro+gro roro (471 individuals)

0.006 grogro roro (6 individuals)

0.005 gro+gro ro+ro (5 individuals)

Total number of individuals 1000

<u><em>Note</em></u>: These frequencies were calculated dividing the number of individuals belonging to each genotype by the total number of individuals in the F2.

To know if two genes are linked, we must observe the progeny distribution. <em>If individuals, whos </em><em>genes assort independently,</em><em> are test crossed, they produce a progeny with equal </em><em>phenotypic frequencies 1:1:1:1</em>. <em>If</em> we observe a <em>different distribution</em>, that is that <em>phenotypes appear in different proportions</em>, we can assume that<em> genes are linked in the double heterozygote parent</em>.  

In the exposed example we might verify which are the recombinant gametes produced by the F1 di-hybrid, and we can recognize them by looking at the phenotypes with lower frequencies in the progeny.  

By performing this cross we know that the phenotypes with lower frequencies in the progeny are groucho, rough and wild-type. So the recombinant gametes are <em>gro+ro+</em> and <em>gro ro</em>, while the parental gametes are <em>gro+ro</em> and <em>gro ro+.</em>

So, the genotype, in linked gene format, of the double heterozygote individual in the <u>F1</u> is gro+ro/gro ro+.

To calculate the recombination frequency we will make use of the next formula: P = Recombinant number / Total of individuals. The genetic distance will result from multiplying that frequency by 100 and expressing it in map units (MU). One centiMorgan (cM) equals one map unit (MU).

The map unit is the distance between the pair of genes for which one of every 100 meiotic products results in a recombinant product.

The recombination frequency is:

P = Recombinant number / Total of individuals

P = 6 + 5 / 1000

P = 11 / 1000

P = 0.011

The <u>genetic distance between genes,</u> is 0.011 x 100= 1.1 MU.

<u>Genetic Linkage Map:</u>

Parental Phenotypes)  

-----gro+------ro----              -----gro------ro+----

----- gro ------ro----               ---- gro------ ro ----

Recombinant phenotypes)

-----gro+------ro+----              -----gro------ro----

----- gro ------ ro----                -----gro------ro----

<u>If the genes were unlinked</u> and the F1 females were mated with the F1 males, the offspring in the F2 generation would have been

4/16 = 1/4 gro+gro ro+ro  

4/16 = 1/4 gro+gro roro  

4/16 = 1/4 grogro ro+ro    

4/16 = 1/4 grogro roro

Their phenotypic frequencies would be 1:1:1:1 related.                                                  

7 0
3 years ago
Similarities and differences between arteries and veins
nika2105 [10]

Arteries are blood vessels responsible for carrying oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to the body. Veins are blood vessels that carry blood low in oxygen from the body back to the heart for reoxygenation. Arteries and veins are two of the body's main type of blood vessels.

8 0
2 years ago
Norman Triplett observed that adolescents wound a fishing reel faster in the presence of someone working simultaneously on the s
slavikrds [6]

Answer:

social facilitation

Explanation:

The concept of social facilitation was first proposed by Norman Triplett. After observing a cycling event, in which he noticed that cyclist performed better when they have others around competing with them, rather than cycling alone just against time. This led him to duct an experiment where he gave some children strings to wound fishing reel. He observed that, children wound the fishing reel faster in the presence of other children performing similar task, when compared to when perform such task alone.

This concept discovered by Norman Triplett, best illustrates the concept of social facilitation, which posits that, individuals tend to perform better in the mere presence of others or when they perform a task with others, than when performing the task alone.

4 0
3 years ago
Identify three diseases of the respiratory system, and state what triggers or causes each disease.
sergiy2304 [10]

Answer:

Asthma-dust , Lung cancer- smoking, Pneumonia- coldness

Explanation:mark me brainliest please

3 0
2 years ago
Read 2 more answers
If a plant cell had a mutation such that the leaves were orange in summer, which part of the chloroplast would be different, com
velikii [3]
The answer u r looking for is- thylakoids. ;)
7 0
3 years ago
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