Question

There are two different compounds with molecular formula c2h6o. one of these isomers has a much higher boiling point than the other. explain why.

Answer 1

The two compounds possible having a molecular formula of C2H6O are ethanol (CH3CH2OH) and dimethyl ether (CH3OCH3). It is the alcohol or the ethanol that will have a higher boiling point between these two because of the intermolecular form that is present in the alcohol. It possess a hydrogen bond which is a result of the attractive forces between the hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom which for this case is an oxygen atom. This type of intermolecular force is a special case of dipole interaction which has great effect on the physical properties of a substance. THis type of bond is much stronger as compare to other intermolecular forces which would lead to a higher boiling point since you need more energy to break the bonds present.<span />

Answer 2

Ethanol which is isomerized with dimethyl ether with the formula

CnH2n + 2O has a higher boiling point because it has hydrogen bonds in its -OH functional group

Further explanation

Alkane derivatives are compounds derived from alkanes by replacing one / more Homs with functional groups

A function group is a determinant group

Some examples of these functional groups along with their general formulas include:

• alcohol, -OH, CnH2n + 2O

• ether, -O-, CnH2n + 2O
• aldehyde, -COH, CnH2nO
• ketone, -CO-, CnH2nO
• carboxylic acid, -COOH, CnH2nO2
• esters, -COOR, CnH2nO2
• halide, -x, CnH2n + 1X

In determining the boiling point, if in the same homologous series, then just look at the largest relative molecular mass that will have a large boiling point too. In the form of a straight-chain, the more carbon atoms, the longer the main chain, the bigger the boiling point.

But if the relative molecular mass is the same, the hydrocarbons have more branches that will have a greater boiling point.

The more branches, the lower the boiling point, even though the number of carbon atoms is the same (as in isomers)

In isomers that have the same molecular formula and relative molecular mass, hydrocarbons that have the fewest branches will have the largest boiling point.

So that the general determination of the boiling point is (based on its priority)

• 1. relative molecular mass

the greater the higher the boiling point

• 2. main chain branch

the fewer branches the higher the boiling point

The branching on the main chain in the structure causes the attraction between the molecules to be lower so that to release this attractive force only requires low energy, ie at low temperatures

Compounds with molecular formula C₂H₆O can be in the form of ether or alcohol because it has the same molecular formula, CnH2n+2O

This isomer is called a functional group isomer. The two isomers are ethanol and dimethyl ether (methoxymethane)

 The boiling point of ethanol is 78 ° C, while dimethyl ether is only −24 ° C

Physical properties such as boiling point are strongly influenced by the intermolecular interaction force.

This far different boiling point shows that the attraction between ethanol molecules is greater than dimethyl ether.

The difference in boiling points shows that the intermolecular interactions of ethanol are stronger than the intermolecular interactions of dimethyl ether.

The higher boiling point of ethanol is determined by the presence of hydrogen bonds in the OH-function group.

The hydrogen ethanol bond itself is formed because of the large electronegativity difference between Hydrogen and O atoms in its functional group.

Intermolecular bonding of ether is Van Der Waals force in the form of dipole-dipole, which has lower molecular interaction strength than hydrogen bonds in ethanol

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Keywords: isomer, ether, alcohol, dipole, hydrogen bond