European leaders responded to Islamic expansion in a very violent way. Following the initial incursions of the Islamic forces in those years, the European leaders decided it was time to take up arms and fight them in their own lands - what followed were the Crusades.
Answer:
They interfered with efforts to hold government officials accountable to constituents.
Explanation:
Before the dismantling of the political machines, the elected politician would usually just want to make life better for the ones who elected them. Many times, not even that. In political machines, there is a so called party whip structure with the boss or a few autocrats at the top. Only that was important and nothing more.
If you mean the speech to the Virginia Convention, then he builds ethos through religious passion. He portrays himself as a faithful Christian who is fighting for God. The allusion to the Biblical motif of light is the equivalent of fighting for God's truth.
The correct answer to this open question is the following.
Although you did not include further reference or context, we can answer is general terms.
Historian's clues are similar to investigators' clues. Historians have to follow these clues to collect information to investigate dates, characters, motives, numbers, and other facts that were important parts in a historic event or incident. Not everything is there, on the surface for the historians to grab it. No, most of the time, historians, as well as archeologists or anthropologists, have to follow clues to do some research in one direction or the other. That is why they go deeper to find the truth.
