Grandfather clauses were designed to prevent poor and illiterate African Americans from voting.
This term was coined in the 19th century when new rules for literacy tests, poll taxes and requirements for voting were established.
Some white people who did not fulfill the requirements were still allowed to vote because their ancestors ( grandfathers ) had the right to vote. This was a way to make voting possible for white Americans, and to make voting almost impossible for black people.
Today, this term applies to a provision in which an old rule continues to apply to some existing situation while a new rule will apply to future cases.
Answer:
Hagia Sophia
Explanation:
One of the many great artistic achievements of Justinian's rule was the Church of Hagia Sophia.
During the war in Vietnam, the main opponents of the United States were North Vietnam and the Viet Cong, although these forces were being supported by communist states like Russia and China.
Staph, as well as other pathogens, may change genetically by means of plasmids. Plasmids are DNA molecules which carries a rich diversity of genes that benefit the host cell. In this specific case, the host cell is the Staph bacteium. Among other things, plasmids carry antibiotic resistance genes.
<span>To illustrate how an ordinary Staph aureus bacterium can evolve into a methicillin-resistant bacterium, let's use the patient who doesn't finish an antibiotic prescription of penicillin. The Staph is weakened but not killed. Bacterial plasmids work quickly to produce genes that make the bacteria resistant to the drug. These parent bacteria replicate and pass on the plasmids, along with the DNA they contain, to the "daughter" cells. Voila! Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus! With the new DNA in place, each subsequent generation of Staph will also be resistant. But do not think for one moment that MRSA is otherwise somehow different from Staphylococcus aureus. MRSA IS Staph. Staph with an added feature. </span>
