Answer:
2007
“Sea ice extent was clearly on its way down, and Arctic temperatures were clearly rising.” “But then came 2007, when September sea ice extent didn't just drop to a new record low, it blew away the old record. In many ways, 2007 was the beginning of the 'new Arctic.
Lords could levy taxes on their townspeople
The Europeans brought with them diseases which were unknown to natives. Many died as a result. The Europeans brought sugar which natives liked and as a result now had tooth decay for the first time. Europeans traded the natives goods in exchange for trinkets of little value but the natives didn’t know that at the time.
Deterrence is the correct answer.
