Conjuring new lands on people moving into the region
C because the other answers are not logical. A would mean that the population is growing in size. B would mean that a country's population is rapidly declining. D does not give enough information to identify which is higher or lower, nor does it say they are equal. If you have equal birth and death rates, the population will not change.
The planet known for having large amounts of iron oxide in its soil and polar ice caps is Mars. It is known to be the second smallest planet in the solar system. It is also known as the Red Planet due to the reddish appearance of the soil which is caused by the high amounts of iron.
The planet known for being covered in cliffs and craters and having a weak magnetic field is Mercury. It is the closest to the sun and the smallest planet in the solar system.
Comets are hypothesized to come from the Oort Cloud which is located beyond the orbit of the planets.