I think a period of hot summers will affect the rabbit population in a positive way. This is because it will allow the population to increase in size, and get ready for the harsh weather to come throughout the rest of the year.
After Santiago slaughters the immense marlin in The Old Man and the Sea, by Ernest Hemingway, he lashes it to the side of his watercraft. The fish is eighteen feet long, longer than the watercraft, and Santiago knows he won't make great time going home in light of the additional weight and clumsiness of the fish. He doesn't get much of anywhere before the principal sharks strike the fish.
Can also be gained from natural instinct (you are born with instinct)
Answer:
higher energy of reactants
Answer: Phagocyte receptors that detect PAMPs
Explanation:
TLRs or Toll-like receptors, are a family of proteins that are part of the innate immune system. TLRs are transmembranous and recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), which are groups of chemical characteristics common to certain types of pathogens. Patterns detected by TLRs include lipopolysaccharide, a compound found on the surfaces of Gram-negative bacteria, and double-stranded RNA, which is an integral part of the life cycles of many viruses. These PAMPs are generally important for the survival of the pathogen, so they are well preserved. <u>Activation of these receptors induces inflammatory responses in leukocytes of myeloid lineage, signaling via NF-κB, which is a transcription factor that activates pro-inflammatory genes</u>. Activated TLRs also increase the production of co-stimulatory molecules such as CD80, CD86 and CD40. These proteins, expressed on the surface of antigen-presenting cells, are necessary for the activation of T-lymphocytes by dentritic cells and macrophages already showing antigens in their MHC type II molecules (Major Histocompatibility Complex, they participate in the presentation of antigens to T lymphocytes)
<u>In addition, TLR-mediated signaling on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) plays an important role in linking the innate and adaptive immune responses</u>.
