John Calhoun argued that the 1828 tariff helped the North at the expense of the South (c). This was the case because the tariff bolstered Northerner industrial markets but required Southerners to pay more for manufactured good.
The correct answer to this open question is the following.
Unfortunately, you forgot to specify the name of the empires including in your question. Who they were?
However, trying to help you, we can comment on the case of the way China was affected and entered into a crisis in his final years as an empire.
Emperor Qianlong had rejected England's petition to lose its heavy restrictions on trade in 1793. However, European powers reacted and put pressure on the Chinese Empire and by 1912, the Chinese Empire had collapsed.
The reasons that accelerated this collapse were that China could not increase and modernize its industry. At the same time, the population dramatically increased to 430 million people by 1853. This factor put so much pressure on the Empire that suffered from the creation of jobs, generating poverty never before seen.
The once-successful Chinese bureaucracy could not maintain the growth rhythm of the increase of population and became very inefficient. The centralized power of the Emperor lost its presence in the far-away provinces and peasants and poor people started rebellions.
<span>Andrew carnegie and j.p. morgan both were ‘captains’ of steel</span>
Answer:
I think the answer is B. ruler and ruled. hope this helps
