Speciation, the evolutionary process by which new species are formed, is clearly responsible for the ultimate generation of species diversity over geologic time.
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Scientists have predicted that long-term effects of climate change will include a decrease in sea ice and an increase in permafrost thawing, an increase in heat waves and heavy precipitation, and decreased water resources in semi-arid regions.
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Explanation:
I think answer should be the first one
4. Two oceanic plates diverge and form the mid-oceanic ridge while two continental plates converge and form the Himalayas.