Answer:
One of the factors for the development of pyelonephritis, in addition to E. coli, is urinary retention and reflux (option a).
Explanation:
Pyelonephritis is an infection of the upper urinary tract caused by bacteria in the urine, such as Escherichia coli.
Under normal conditions, urine in the urinary bladder is aseptic, that is, without bacteria. The presence of bacteria in the urine indicates a urinary infection.
Urinary retention is the limitation of the expulsion of urine from the bladder. This promotes:
- <em>An increase in the amount of bacteria present in the bladder.
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- <em>The pressure generated by urine retention causes the bladder to generate a retrograde flow - reflow - towards the ureters, leading the bacteria to the kidneys.
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The result of urinary retention and reflux - when bacteria are present - is an infection in the upper urinary tract, called pyelonephritis.
Learn more:
Urinary tract infection brainly.com/question/4756206
B is the answer if not B then C
Answer:
Organize
Explanation:
Section your thought process into bits so it is more clear.
Try to neeten your handwriting. (This requiers practice)
Hope this helps!
The very first one is the answer-
Abiotic changes have the ability to dictate biotic ones. This can be caused by humans.
For example: an abiotic thing can be an element like water. If the water in a lake gets poisoned by chemical compounds, this is an abiotic change. However, since the lake is now poisoned it’ll likely harm or even kill fish, bacteria, algae, and any other wildlife living within the lake. It doesn’t stop there though, without the lake surrounding animals won’t have clean water to drink, they can now die from either the poisoning, dehydration, or starvation if they lived off of the aquatic life from the lake.
