The correct answer is - natural selection.
This is a typical case of natural selection, where we have a group of people that have similar physical traits, that are selected and than isolated from any external influence, so with interbreeding they manage to keep their physical traits for generations to come and thus create a population that resembles their initial ancestors.
Muhammad's new religious community became the official religion in Arabia and Persia through willful conversion and military expansion.
Explanation:
Once Muhammad started of the Islam, he made a base of followers. He found it hard at the beginning, but eventually managed to convince the Arab tribes to convert to the new religion. One by one the Arabs adopted the Islam, and with it, they unified, which is a major turning point.
As the Arabs were united, and the surrounding empires were on the decline, Muhammad decided that a military offensive is needed so that the Arabs form and empire and spread out the Islam further. The military expansion was a huge success for the Arabs and the Islam, and in a very short period, the new religion spread out in all direction.
The regions that were affected were:
- Persia
- Northern India
- Central Asia
- Asia Minor
- Northern Africa
- parts of Western Africa
Learn more about Abu Bakr's influence on the spread of Islam brainly.com/question/7134251
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If the question is asking you all except which, the answer is "people fled the urban centers because they had become too crowded and unsanitary"
Answer:
It didn't consider the population sizes of the states
