The correct answer is social criticism.
Both were inspired by the current times and wrote plays that reflected and criticized society. For example, in 1935 Odets wrote a play about union workers going on strike.
A pod is a shell that holds a plant's seeds (such as peas). When these pods become ripe, they burst open, releasing the seeds to the ground.
The comparison implies that the children were desperate to go outside, so that when the door was open, they burst out desperately and suddenly, just like the peas of a pod.
The answer is probably D because a counter claim is something that is the opposite than the first claim. So the counter claim would be that it is good but no good to read more. Hope this helps.
The theme of this passage from the Declaration of Independence is best described as the British legislature extended an unwarranted jurisdiction over the colonies. It has been made clear that from the paragraph, the people were overwhelmed by the actions of the British government. That they made it clear that they don't want the British to have any affairs regarding on their land jurisdiction.