I believe chance because anyone can live as long as their body can keep them alive as long as they're in the right place at the right time, but we can't always know what that is. Anyone's fate is changed by the choices they make.
1/2 of the flowers in Yoshi's Gardens are yellow tulips. To find the answer you can multiply the two fractions together. When you cross multiply you get 2/4 which can be reduced to 1/2.