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navik [9.2K]
3 years ago
15

Why I/O modules is needed between system busand I/O devices?​

Computers and Technology
1 answer:
beks73 [17]3 years ago
5 0

Answer:

1. Processor communication -- this involves the following tasks:

<em>a. exchange of data between processor and I/O module</em>

<em>b. command decoding - I/O module accepts commands sent from the processor. E.g., the I/O module for a disk drive may accept the following commands from the processor: READ SECTOR, WRITE SECTOR, SEEK track, etc. </em>

<em>c. status reporting – The device must be able to report its status to the processor, e.g., disk drive busy, ready etc. Status reporting may also involve reporting various errors. </em>

<em>d. Address recognition – Each I/O device has a unique address and the I/O module must recognize this address. </em>

<em />

2. Device communication – The I/O module must be able to perform device communication such as status reporting.

3. Control & timing – The I/O module must be able to co-ordinate the flow of data between the internal resources (such as processor, memory) and external devices.

4. Data buffering – This is necessary as there is a speed mismatch between speed of data transfer between processor and memory and external devices. Data coming from the main memory are sent to an I/O module in a rapid burst. The data is buffered in the I/O module and then sent to the peripheral device at its rate.

5. Error detection – The I/O module must also be able to detect errors and report them to the processor. These errors may be mechanical errors (such as paper jam in a printer), or changes in the bit pattern of transmitted data. A common way of detecting such errors is by using parity bits.

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#include using namespace std; int main( ) { const int NUM_ROWS = 2; const int NUM_COLS = 2; int milesTracker[NUM_ROWS][NUM_COLS]
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Answer:

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()

{

   const int NUM_ROWS = 2;

   const int NUM_COLS = 2;

   int milesTracker[NUM_ROWS][NUM_COLS];

   int i = 0;

   int j = 0;

   int maxMiles = -99; // Assign with first element in milesTracker before loop

   int minMiles = -99; // Assign with first element in milesTracker before loop

   milesTracker[0][0] = -10;

   milesTracker[0][1] = 20;

   milesTracker[1][0] = 30;

   milesTracker[1][1] = 40;

   

   maxMiles = milesTracker[0][0];

   minMiles = milesTracker[0][0];

   

   for (i = 0; i < NUM_ROWS; i++){

       for (j = 0; j < NUM_COLS; j++){

           if (milesTracker[i][j] > maxMiles){

               maxMiles = milesTracker[i][j];

           }

           if (milesTracker[i][j] < minMiles){

               minMiles = milesTracker[i][j];

           }

       }

   }

   

   cout << "Min: " << minMiles << endl;

   cout << "Max: " << maxMiles << endl;

   return 0;

}

Explanation:

It seems you want to find the min and max value in the array. Let me go through what I added to your code.

Set the maxMiles and minMiles as the first element in milesTracker

Create a nested for loop that iterates through the milesTracker. Inside the loop, check if an element is greater than maxMiles, set it as maxMiles. If an element is smaller than minMiles, set it as minMiles.

When the loop is done, print the minMiles and maxMiles

5 0
3 years ago
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