Answer:
The correct answer is to ADP and Pi is the most common mechanism for transferring free energy to drive endergonic reactions.
Explanation:
Many endergonic reactions(the free energy change of these reactions are highly positive) proceed in a thermodynamically unfavorable manner.
To make those reactions thermodynamically favorable,these reactions are coupled with hydrolysis of high energy compound such as hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and Pi.
As a result the free energy change of those reactions becomes negative which allow those reactions to proceed in a thermodynamically favorable manner.
<span>A cell can only grow so large in size because its
ability to exchange materials is affected by a growing surface-to-volume ratio.
Nature designed cells to be small in size because of the network of membranes
passing through it. If cells grow any bigger, membranes in it will not be able
to pass through its different parts and perform their purpose.
A cell is a network composed of many organelles (e.g. mitochondria, nucleus),
that communicate and work together to provide bodily functions. The cell is
small so that communication between organelles will be faster and much easier. When
cells are small they can be easily repaired when damaged and replicated when
needed.</span>
Answer:
B. In the real world, random and unpredictable events occur, so the Lotka-Volterra parameters vary over time
Explanation:
Lotka-Volterra equations are mathematical models that explain biological prey-predator interactions among two species, considering the following assumptions,
-
The ecosystem is isolated and closed. There is no migration.
- The whole individuals are reproductively equivalent.
- In the absence of the predator, prey shows an exponential growth rate. The prey is in the ideal environment.
- In the absence of the prey, the predator population decreases exponentially. The predator environment is also ideal, but it is limited by the prey density.
- The predation rate is proportional to the encounters rate, which also depends on density.
- The predators affect the prey populations, making it decrease proportionally to the number of prey and predators present.
- The prey population also influence the predator population, proportionally to the number of encounters between the two species.
In these equations, the variable D is the number of predators, and P the number of preys.
The parameters are always constant:
- a1: predator hunting success.
- r2: predator growth rate.
- a2: the success of the predator in hunting and feeding.
In nature, there are many factors affecting interactions. Dense-dependent factors and dense-independent factors. Also in reality there are stochastic factors. <em>Stochasticity refers to the variability in the system involving those factors that are affecting or influencing the population growth. Stochasticity might be related to good years and bad years for population growth.</em>
In a real situation, the compliance of the whole assumptions does not occur. The previously mentioned constants might vary, changing continuously the interaction among the predator and the prey. These parameters change in different degrees, resulting in different circumstances for both species.
Answer:
Metamorphic rocks form when existing rock is physically changed by extended exposure to heat and pressure. They can form from any type of rock, whether that is igneous, sedimentary, or another metamorphic rock.
Explanation: