1answer.
Ask question
Login Signup
Ask question
All categories
  • English
  • Mathematics
  • Social Studies
  • Business
  • History
  • Health
  • Geography
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Technology
  • Arts
  • World Languages
  • Spanish
  • French
  • German
  • Advanced Placement (AP)
  • SAT
  • Medicine
  • Law
  • Engineering
stiv31 [10]
3 years ago
15

The Lotka-Volterra model produces consistently identical cycles because it is deterministic. The lynx and hare simulation on the

right does not, because it is stochastic. Run the simulation again now with the controls below, paying attention to the animals in the enclosure at the top. Given the differences between these two types of models, why would it be difficult to determine accurate values for the four parameters in the Lotka-Volterra predator-prey model (a, rprey, m, b) for animals in the real world?
A. In the real world, individual predators do not differ in their ability to search for prey.
B. In the real world, random and unpredictable events occur, so the Lotka-Volterra parameters vary over time
C. In the real world, prey population sizes constantly change, and the Lotka-Volterra model fails to account for this.
D. In the real world, biological interactions are so complex and dynamic that models have no relevance.
Biology
1 answer:
Setler [38]3 years ago
6 0

Answer:

B. In the real world, random and unpredictable events occur, so the Lotka-Volterra parameters vary over time

Explanation:

Lotka-Volterra equations are mathematical models that explain biological prey-predator interactions among two species, considering the following assumptions,      

  • The ecosystem is isolated and closed. There is no migration.
  • The whole individuals are reproductively equivalent.
  • In the absence of the predator, prey shows an exponential growth rate. The prey is in the ideal environment.
  • In the absence of the prey, the predator population decreases exponentially.  The predator environment is also ideal, but it is limited by the prey density.  
  • The predation rate is proportional to the encounters rate, which also depends on density.
  • The predators affect the prey populations, making it decrease proportionally to the number of prey and predators present.
  • The prey population also influence the predator population, proportionally to the number of encounters between the two species.

In these equations, the variable D is the number of predators, and P the number of preys.

The parameters are always constant:  

  • r1: prey growth rate.
  • a1: predator hunting success.
  • r2: predator growth rate.
  • a2: the success of the predator in hunting and feeding.

In nature, there are many factors affecting interactions. Dense-dependent factors and dense-independent factors. Also in reality there are stochastic factors. <em>Stochasticity refers to the variability in the system involving those factors that are affecting or influencing the population growth. Stochasticity might be related to good years and bad years for population growth.</em>

In a real situation, the compliance of the whole assumptions does not occur. The previously mentioned constants might vary, changing continuously the interaction among the predator and the prey. These parameters change in different degrees, resulting in different circumstances for both species.  

You might be interested in
What form if carbon exists in the atmosphere
Naddika [18.5K]
Carbon is found in the atmosphere mostly as carbon dioxide.
4 0
3 years ago
What sex chromosomes does a daughter inherit from her father
jeka57 [31]
If the offspring is a female, it means she got an X chromosome from her mom, and an X chromosome from her father.
4 0
3 years ago
What factors increase the water table levels
ElenaW [278]
Depends of the surface, pressure, wind, humidity, precipitation
3 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Photosynthesis takes place in the _______________ and releases __________________.
garri49 [273]
D.

Hope this helps :)))
5 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Why factors are cause of short-term climate change
laiz [17]

Answer:

6 factors that cause short term climate change...

Explanation:

Latitude - depends on how far or close to the equator it is

Ocean currents - Certain ocean currents have different temperatures.

Wind and air masses. Heated ground causes air to rise which results in lower air pressure. As it rises it cools and descends to the ground resulting in high air pressure.

Elevation. The higher up you are, the colder and drier it will be. When air rises it expands due to low air pressure which causes it to cool.

Relief. The differences in the elevation inland. As air is forced to rise over a piece of land, the temperature decreases and condensation increases.

Nearness to water. The water heats up and cools down slower than land does, having a moderating effect. On colder days, the water heats up the land, whereas on hotter days, the land is cooled down by the water.

5 0
3 years ago
Other questions:
  • The major function of the conjunctiva is to:
    13·1 answer
  • Unlike the methods of early scientists, how did Sir Francis Bacon believe basic laws of science should be determined?
    11·2 answers
  • What biome is the princess and the frog in
    15·2 answers
  • Where does diffusion take place in the body?
    7·2 answers
  • Prokaryotes contain all of the following except _____.
    9·1 answer
  • Which steps will help prevent the introduction of invasive species into an area?
    9·2 answers
  • What is translation to real life?
    11·1 answer
  • Rh negative individuals can produce ____ against ____ blood.
    11·1 answer
  • What geologic forces shaped Michigan?
    7·1 answer
  • GIVING BRAINLIEST!!
    6·2 answers
Add answer
Login
Not registered? Fast signup
Signup
Login Signup
Ask question!