it says "discussed in the reading"..which reading??

hope it is helpful to you
Jason carry one allele for not having cyctic fibrosis and one allele for having cyctic fibrosis therefore he is heterozygous for the cystic fibrosis gene.
Jason does not have cystic fibrosis and it is his phenotype (physical expression of the gene) for the trait.
Jason's genotype (set of genes in its DNA) for the cystic fibrosis gene is Ff because he is heterozygous for the gene.
(A. it can alter precipitation patterns)
Well more older people would have more ancestor cause they are older and they have more generation in family members