Answer:
<u> The following four traits are -: </u>
- <u>Pedigree 1 -</u> A recessive trait (autosomal recessive)  is expressed by pedigree 1.
 - <u>Pedigree 2- Recessive inheritance is defined by Pedigree 2. </u>
 - <u>Pedigree 3</u> - The inheritance of the dominant trait (autosomal dominant) is illustrated by Pedigree 3.
 - <u>Pedigree 4-</u> An X-like dominant trait is expressed by Pedigree 4.     
 
Explanation:
<u>Explaination of each pedigree chart</u>-
-  Pedigree 1 demonstrates the <u>recessive trait </u>since their children have been affected by two unaffected individuals. If the characteristics were X-linked, in order to have an affected daughter, I-1 would have to be affected. 
 In this, both parents are autosomal recessive trait carriers, so the child will be affected by a 1/4 (aa) - <u> Recessive inheritance</u> is defined by <u>Pedigree 2</u>. This is<u> X-related inheritance as autosomal recessive</u> inheritance has already been accounted for in part 1. This inference is confirmed by evidence showing that the father (I-1) is unaffected and that only the sons exhibit the characteristic in generation II, suggesting that the mother must be the carrier. The individual I-2 is a carrier for this X-linked trait. A typical  Xa chromosome is attached to the unaffected father (I-1), so the chance of carrier II-5 is 1/2. Probability of an affected son = 1/2 (probability II-5 is a carrier) x 1/2 (probability II -5 contributes (
) x 1/2 (probability of Y from father II-6) = 1/8. An affected daughter's likelihood is 0 because a typical 
 must be contributed by II-6. - The inheritance of the<u> dominant trait</u> is demonstrated by <u>Pedigree 3 </u>because affected children still have affected parents (remember that all four diseases are rare). The trait must be <u>autosomal dominant</u> because it is passed down to the son by the affected father. There is a 1/2 risk that the heterozygous mother (II-5) would pass on mutant alleles to a child of either sex for an autosomal dominant feature.
 - <u>Pedigree 4</u> is an <u>X-linked dominant function</u> characterized by the transmission to all of his daughters from the affected father but none of his son. On the mutant X chromosome, the father (I-1) passes on to all his daughters and none of his sons. As seen by his normal phenotype, II-6 therefore does not bear the mutation. An affected child's likelihood is 0.     
 
In the question the pedigree chart was missing ,hence it is given below.
       
 
        
             
        
        
        
Answer:
B
Explanation:
They altered rocks into soil that was able to support simple plants such as grasses. This is an example of altering the environment around them to make it more habitable for other species. 
 
        
             
        
        
        
Kilograms I think I might be wrong but that's what I think.
        
                    
             
        
        
        
<u>Stem cell </u>research has the potential to significantly impact the development of disease-modifying treatments for Parkinson’s disease with considerable progress made in creating dopamine-progressing cells.
Explanation:
Parkinson’s disease, a neurodegenerative disease, leads to reduction of dopamine (a neurochemical messenger which carries messages involving thinking and body movements to brain) in the body because the disease will target and kill dopamine-producing nerve cells (neurons). This leads to loss of movement and thinking abilities which are activated by dopamine.
Stem cells research is done to study about the prospects of stem cells in stem cell therapy for Parkinson’s patients as a viable source of new dopamine nerve cells. Research has been involved in growing stem cells to replace or regenerate dopamine-producing nerve cells by using embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells as a treatment modality in Parkinson’s disease.