<span> The nurse should teach patient with phosphatic
renal calculi to include apples or fresh fruit on his diet for these fruits are
low in phosphate or phosphorus. Moreover, patient should lessen sodium-rich food,
which include canned, packaged or processed foods and eating in fast-food
chain. Also, consuming too much animal protein, calcium and oxalate increases the
risk of developing phosphatic renal calculi.</span>
The complete question is :
As an epidemiologist you are going to investigate the effect of a drug suspected of causing malformations in newborn infants when the drug in question is taken by pregnant women during the course of their pregnancies. As your sample you will use the next 200 single births occurring in a given hospital. For each birth a medication history will be taken from the new mother and from her doctor; in addition, you will review medical records to verify use of the drug. [N.B.: These mothers are considered to have been followed prospectively during the entire course of their pregnancies, because a complete and accurate record of drug use was maintained during pregnancy.] The resultant data are: Forty mothers have taken the suspected drug during their pregnancies. Of these mothers, 35 have delivered malformed infants. In addition, 10 other infants are born with malfunctions. What is the relative risk between exposure to the drug and malformations?
Answer:
14
Explanation:
- The relative risk is a measure that is used to calculate or compare the likelihood or the chance that an event would occur while comparing the two groups.
- To calculate the relative risk, the probability of an event occurring in one group is compared with the probability of the event occurring in another group and this is done by dividing the probability of one group by another.
- The value of relative risk is always either zero or greater than zero but it cannot be negative.
- The value 1 indicates neutrality.
- The probability of an event = no. of favorable outcomes/ total no. of outcomes
- For the given question, 35 mothers out of 40 delivered infants that were malformed, so the probability of delivering malformed infants is 35/40.
- Out of the 200 births, 40 have occurred so total births left is 200 - 40 = 160
- Therefore, the probability of the second event is 10/160.
- Therefore relative risk is = (35/40)/(10/160) = (0.875/0.062) = 14
"The result of fertilization is a cell (zygote) capable of undergoing cell division to form a new individual. The fusion of two gametes initiates several reactions in the egg. ... The most important result of fertilization is egg activation, which allows the egg to undergo cell division."
1) Sunlight
2) Carbon Dioxide
3) Water and minerals
4) Oxygen
I am not sure
<em>"No man is an island.” This saying is also true for organisms in an ecosystem. No organism exists in isolation. Individual organisms live together in an ecosystem and depend on one another. In fact, they have many different types of interactions with each other, and many of these interactions are critical for their survival.
</em>
<em>So what do these interactions look like in an ecosystem? One category of interactions describes the different ways organisms obtain their food and energy. Some organisms can make their own food, and other organisms have to get their food by eating other organisms. An organism that must obtain their nutrients by eating (consuming) other organisms is called a consumer, or a heterotroph. While there are a lot of fancy words related to the sciences, one of the great things is that many of them are based on Latin or Greek roots. For example, heterotroph becomes easier to remember when you realize that in Greek, “hetero” means “other” and “troph” means food; in other words, heterotrophs eat other organisms to get their food. They then use the energy and materials in that food to grow, reproduce and carry out all of their life activities. All animals, all fungi, and some kinds of bacteria are heterotrophs and consumers. </em>
<em></em>
<em></em>
<em></em>
<u><em></em></u>
<em> "No man is an island.” This saying is also true for organisms in an ecosystem. No organism exists in isolation. Individual organisms live together in an ecosystem and depend on one another. In fact, they have many different types of interactions with each other, and many of these interactions are critical for their survival.
</em>
<em>So what do these interactions look like in an ecosystem? One category of interactions describes the different ways organisms obtain their food and energy. Some organisms can make their own food, and other organisms have to get their food by eating other organisms. An organism that must obtain their nutrients by eating (consuming) other organisms is called a consumer, or a heterotroph. While there are a lot of fancy words related to the sciences, one of the great things is that many of them are based on Latin or Greek roots. For example, heterotroph becomes easier to remember when you realize that in Greek, “hetero” means “other” and “troph” means food; in other words, heterotrophs eat other organisms to get their food. They then use the energy and materials in that food to grow, reproduce and carry out all of their life activities. All animals, all fungi, and some kinds of bacteria are heterotrophs and consumers. .</em>
<em />
