Answer:
When the solutions (including inside and outside) were replaced by NaCl, the membrane potential changes from a negative value of -60 mV to a positive value of + 60 mV.
Explanation:
According to the Nernst equation the potential of the membrane for a two-compartment model of a cell for positive gradient of K⁺ ions is V = - 60 mVlogK'/K where K' = inside concentration of K⁺ ions and K = outside concentration of K⁺ ions. For a 10 fold excess of KCl in the inside compartment, K'/K = 10. So,
V = - 60 mVlogK'/K = - 60 mVlog10 = -60 mV.
For a negative gradient of Na ions is V = + 60 mVlogK'/K where K' = inside concentration of Na⁺ ions and K = outside concentration of Na⁺ ions. (Since the cell is selectively permeable to Na⁺ ions. So, Na ions to not flow out but in.)For a 10 fold excess of NaCl in the inside compartment, K'/K = 10. So,
V = + 60 mVlogK'/K = + 60 mVlog10 = +60 mV.
So, when the solutions (including inside and outside) were replaced by NaCl, the membrane potential changes from a negative value of -60 mV to a positive value of + 60 mV.
comes from the earth's crust<span />
No water has been discovered on either planet yet.
It would be most important for Eric to find out his <em>zinc, iron and vitamin B12 (or riboflavin) levels, and ensure that he is obtaining adequate amounts of these vitamins and minerals through vegetarian sources </em>.
A vegetarian diet is typically low in zinc rich foods, since meat, shell fish and eggs are the most abundant sources of zinc. In order to ensure that he obtains sufficient zinc, Eric should make sure he consumes vegetarian zinc sources such as legumes, lentils, dairy, nuts and seeds on a daily basis.
Since iron and vitamin B12 are also difficult to obtain from vegetarian sources, Eric should consume iron rich foods such as spinach, kale, whole grains, broccoli, legumes,etc., on a daily basis. As for vitamin B12, daily supplementation of 2.4 μg is recommended for vegetarians. Alternatively, riboflavin fortified cereals and grains are also recommended to meet daily riboflavin requirements.
