C, the separation of Church and State
Rock layers form when settlements build up over time they usually have to go through pressure and compaction/cementation before this happens
Governments are responsible for providing services that individuals cannot effectively provide for themselves, such as military defense, fire and police departments, roads, education, social services, and environmental protection.
Inertia
Inertia is the property of a body of matter. It is described in Newton’s first law that an object will tend to remain at rest or move in a straight line at a constant speed unless a force acts on the object. The higher the mass of an object the higher its inertia.
Explanation:
In the vacuum of space, this is certainly evident because a celestial mass like an asteroid can move in a straight line for over billions of light-years with more or less the same speed unless another force of the universe such as gravity and dark energy act on this object. The reason this is less evident on earth is due to gravity and air resistance of the atmosphere that will quickly reduce the speed on an object and change its trajectory.
Learn More:
For more on inertia check out;
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It changed so much because there were always European explorers heading out on voyages, for many reasons (like to trade with neighbouring countries, ferrying people from one land to the other, etc). During those voyages they found new lands, and so the maps had to be revised quite often because of these new discoveries.