An ecosystem has abiotic(no living things like water and wind) and also biotic(living things) while a community is biotic things
I would say D the Billingsella Corrugata, it IS in the oldest recorded time line, so by theory, it's the oldest (Don't quote me on that, I'm not %100)
Cities create their own micro climates and produce large amounts of solid waste, photo chemical smog, and sewage
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The answer is A) Items are more expensive.