A cause and effect structure shows that one thing or event is the result of another thing or event. Words and phrases such as "therefore", "because", "consequently", and "as a result" are commonly used in this type of structure. That is what we have in the passage we are analyzing here. Let's take a look at the following lines:
Sometimes an enemy frightens the birds who scream and fly away. As a result of the noise, the birds give the crocodiles a warning of danger.
The cause-and-effect relationship is made clear here due to the use of "as a result". We are being told that the birds' scream is the cause. The effect is the crocodiles being warned of danger.
They called it New Amsterdam. It wasn't renamed New York City until June of 1665 as it was reincorporated under English law and was named after the Duke of York.
Theme stressing the importance of literature as it relates to preserving the expression of humanity and to the importance of independent thinking. I also liked the disturbing questions it raises about individuality and the power of government.