The answer is going to be around 7 countries
The answer is x=13
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Ask me for the work!
The reason fractions need a common denominator before adding or subtracting is so that the numbers of pieces you are adding/subtracting are all the same size. Note that the numerator of a fraction just tells you how many pieces you have of that size.
Answer:

Step by step
Remember, a reference angle is a positive acute angle that represents an angle θ of any measurement.
a)
, then its reference angle is 
b)
is in the second cuadrant, then its reference angle is 
c)
, then it is in the first cuadrant and the reference angle is
.
d)
and it is in the third cuadrant, then its reference angle is 
The point P has coordinates (x,y) = (-2,6) so x = -2 and y = 6
Replace x and y with those values into the rule given
So,
(x,y) ---> (x-2, y-16)
turns into
(-2,6) ---> (-2-2, 6-16) = (-4,-10)
P = (-2,6)
P ' = (-4,-10)
The answer is -10 because your teacher just wants the y coordinate of point P'