You didn't include the options, but Brazil was one nation that gained independence in 1822.
Desertification has led to limited necessary goods like water and crop reduction. This resulted in the Arab Spring, an uprising in North Africa, particularly Tunisia, where the price of bread became too unaffordable.
I believe the answer is: the Columbian Exchange
Columbian exchange refers to the exchange of knowledge, labour culture, plants , and animals that heppened between countries in american continent during the 1500s. When the exchange happens, different races crossbreed with one another which resulted in the birth of new races.
Agriculture is a small part of the Konomi more land is needed for me fracturing meaning and urban development