A. Evidence about 10th century trade networks
There are only two ways Vikings could have gained gold from the middle east, raiding and trading. Despite what many people believe, the Vikings were excellent traders, following rivers all across Europe. Many people believe that the Vikings traded in the Middle East for Damascus steel, making their own weapons superior to those in England and France.
The founder is Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan
The Capital was moved to Damascus in Syria.
What event? The pandemic or from the past?
According to Marija Gimbutas, the process of "Indo- Europeanization" of Europe was essentially a cultural, not a physical transformation. It is understood as a migration...
The doctrine that allowed people living in the territories to decide the issue of slavery through their governmental bodies was called "popular sovereignty," since this held that the people were ultimately in charge of whether their state was "slave" or "free".