Certain processes, models, questions, and ideas are applied by the reader, resulting in improved clarity and comprehension. When a reader "skims" a text, the reader just sees the surface qualities and information.
Answer:
1. feeling tired. She felt dizziness after taking the jab.
D. gerund phrase as a direct object
Gerund is one of three kinds of verbals. Like all verbals, gerunds are nouns derived from verbs. Gerunds end in -ing. In the sentence, "leading" is the gerund. This gerund phrase is used as the direct object.